Enhanced performance for organic light-emitting diodes by embedding an aerosol jet printed conductive grid

A simple and low-cost method for improving organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance by printing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) grids on the anode is demonstrated. The PEDOT : PSS grids were printed by an aerosol jet printer on the ITO anode surface. The maximum current efficiency of the OLED modified with the PEDOT : PSS grids is 1.92 times higher than a conventional device. The power efficiency enhancement factor is 2.3 at the current density of 740 mA cm(-2). The enhancement in performance can be attributed to the light extraction and conductivity of the embedded low-index grids.