Direct Evidence of Confined Water in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids by Complementary Use of Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering

The direct evidence of confined water (water pocket) inside hydrophilic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was obtained by complementary use of small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS). A large contrast in X-ray and neutron scattering cross-section of deuterons was used to distinguish the water pocket from the RTIL. In addition to nanoheterogeneity of pure RTILs, the water pocket formed in the water-rich region. Both water concentration and temperature dependence of the peaks in SANS profiles confirmed the existence of the hidden water pocket. The size of the water pocket was estimated to be similar to 3 nm, and D2O aggregations were well-simulated on the basis of the observed SANS data.