Efficient and Tunable Light Trapping Thin Films

Using the discrete dipole approximation method, we demonstrated enhanced absorption efficiencies, which are close to 100%, at tunable wavelengths in a two-layer silver thin film. The film is composed of a 100 nm thick perforated layer facing the incident light and a 100 nm thick solid layer. Resonance wavelengths are determined by the distances between perforated holes in the first layer as well as the separation between the two layers. The resonance wavelengths shift to the red with increasing separation distance between the two layers or the periodic distance of the hole arrays. Geometries of conical frustum shaped holes in the first layer are critical for the improved absorption efficiencies. When the hole bottom diameter equals the periodic distance and the upper diameter is about one-third of the bottom diameter, close to unit absorption efficiency can be obtained. The simulations provide a proof of concept example for designing ultrathin antireflection films.