Effect of Alkyl Chain Length of Alcohols on Cholesteric Uniaxial to Cholesteric Biaxial Phase Transitions in a Potassium Laurate/Alcohol/Potassium Sulfate/Water/Brucine Lyotropic Mixture: Evidence of a First-Order Phase Transition

Lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystalline phases were prepared by doping the quaternary mixture of potassium laurate (KL)/potassium sulfate (K2SO4)/alcohol (n-OH)/water with the chiral agent brucine. Different long-chain alcohols whose alkyl chains (n) vary from 8 (1-octanol) to 16 (1-hexadecanol) were used. The cholesteric uniaxial to cholesteric biaxial phase transitions were investigated by measuring the birefringences via polarizing optical microscopy, and the phase diagram was constructed as a function of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Alcohols with 9 <= n <= 12 presented the three cholesteric phases (cholesteric discotic-Ch(D), cholesteric biaxial-Ch(B), and cholesteric calamitic-Ch(C)). The Ch(D)-to-Ch(B) transition was shown to be continuous, with a bare correlation length bigger than the typical micellar dimensions. Mixtures with n = 8 and n = 13 showed a first-order phase transition between the Ch(D) and the Ch(C) phases, without the presence of the Ch(B) phase in between. These results are interpreted in terms of the nanosegregation of the alcohol molecules in the micelles with respect to the main amphiphiles molecules.