Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene under the Spatial Confinement Templated by Block Copolymer Microdomains

We investigate the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) under the influence of nanoscale confinement templated by the microphase-separated structure of an iPP-based diblock copolymer system, isotactic polypropylene-block-atactic polystyrene (iPP-b-aPS). Three types of iPP microdomains, i.e., lamellae, cylinder, and sphere, were generated by controlling the composition of the diblock. The effect of microdomain morphology on the nucleation mechanism, crystallization kinetics, self-nucleation behavior, the population of the helical sequence of iPP block in the melt state, and crystal orientation have been systematically studied. It was found that the crystallization rate of iPP was predominantly controlled by homogeneous nucleation when the crystallization process was largely confined within the individual cylindrical and spherical microdomains. Such a nucleation mechanism and the highly frustrated crystal growth in the isolated microdomains led to the absence of Domain II and atypical crystallization kinetics in Domain III in the self-nucleation study. The population of the longer helical sequence of iPP block revealed by infrared spectroscopy was found to be affected by temperature but not by the spatial confinement, chain stretching, and junction point constraint imposed by the microdomains. Finally, the orientation of alpha-form iPP crystals in the lamellae-forming iPP-b-aPS was identified over a broad range of crystallization temperatures (T-c). Different from other crystalline-amorphous diblocks, a lamellar branching of alpha-form iPP was observed in the lamellar microdomains at T-c lying between 15 and 80 degrees C, where the daughter lamellae developed from the perpendicularly orientated parent iPP crystals with a specific angle of 80 or 100 degrees. Once the sample was crystallized at T-c < 10 degrees C, the iPP crystals became randomly oriented.