Effect of number of positive charges on the photophysical and photodynamic therapy activities of quarternary benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine

The synthesis, photophysicochemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of quaternary benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine (2, containing two charges, and 3, containing four charges) are reported in this work. Furthermore, the activity of the synthesized complex was compared to non-quaternary derivative (1). Higher triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields of 0.92 and 0.85, respectively, for quatemized complexes 2 and 3 compared to complex 1 alone. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 showed relatively no dark toxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival of above 90 +/- 3%. The quaternary derivatives (2 and 3) showed superior PDT activity with 30% or less of viable cells at concentration of 50.0 mu g/mL in comparison to complex 1 alone which further lay credence to the importance of quaternization in the enhancement of PDT activity.