Extraction of the proton radius from electron-proton scattering data

We perform a new analysis of electron-proton scattering data to determine the proton electric and magnetic radii, enforcing model-independent constraints from form factor analyticity. A wide-ranging study of possible systematic effects is performed. An improved analysis is developed that rebins data taken at identical kinematic settings and avoids a scaling assumption of systematic errors with statistical errors. Employing standard models for radiative corrections, our improved analysis of the 2010 Mainz A1 Collaboration data yields a proton electric radius r(E) = 0.895(20) fm and magnetic radius r(M) = 0.776(38) fm. A similar analysis applied to world data (excluding Mainz data) implies r(E) = 0.916(24) fm and r(M) = 0.914(35) fm. The Mainz and world values of the charge radius are consistent, and a simple combination yields a value r(E) = 0.904(15) fm that is 4 sigma larger than the CREMA Collaboration muonic hydrogen determination. The Mainz and world values of the magnetic radius differ by 2.7 sigma, and a simple average yields r(M) = 0.851(26) fm. The circumstances under which published muonic hydrogen and electron scattering data could be reconciled are discussed, including a possible deficiency in the standard radiative correction model which requires further analysis.