期刊
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 112, 期 1, 页码 19-24出版社
JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09R09FM
关键词
free fatty acid; free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 1; FFAR2; FFAR3; GPR120; gastrointestinal tract
资金
- Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO)
- Japan Health Science Foundation
- Ministry of Human Health and Welfare
- Mitsubishi Foundation
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Sankyo Foundation of Life Science
- Society for Research on Umami Taste
- Hou-ansha Foundation
Utilizing the human genome database, the recently developed G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) deorphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors of free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs have been demonstrated to act as ligands of several GPCRs (FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3, and GPR120). These fatty acid receptors are proposed to play critical roles in various types of physiological homeostases. FFAR1 and GPR120 are activated by medium- and long-chain FFAs. In contrast, FFAR2 and FFAR3 are activated by short-chain FFAs. It has been elucidated that these four receptors are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and have many essential roles as sensors of FFA. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pharmacological function of the receptors in the gastrointestinal tract.
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