期刊
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
卷 75, 期 3-4, 页码 304-311出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2010.11.025
关键词
iota- and kappa-Carrageenan; Polymer solution; High salinity; Mobility control; Shear thinning; Rheology; Gelling mechanism; Near-wellbore fluid; Fracturing fluid
We evaluated the rheological characteristics of iota- and kappa-Carrageenan in aqueous solutions. Viscosities strongly increased with increasing polymer concentration or salinity. Monovalent Na+ cations were more effective in increasing viscosity than divalent Ca2+ cations. A more complex brine containing Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations also showed high viscosities at a high salinity. We observed shear thinning behavior for these polysaccharide solutions. We explain these rheological phenomena with molecular processes, specifically the conformation change of the iota-Carrageenan from random coil to double helix. In the context of enhanced oil recovery, iota-Carrageenan solutions can reach much higher viscosities at high salinities than standard polyacrylamide solutions. Moreover. Carrageenans are renewable, nontoxic, green substances. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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