Initial Periodontal Therapy Reduced Systemic and Local 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 and Interleukin-1β in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis

Background: 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D. Elevated plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 levels were verified to be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). In the present study, the influence of initial periodontal therapy on systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 and three related elements (osteocalcin and interleukin-1 beta and -6) in patients with GAgP was investigated. Methods: Nineteen patients with GAgP were enrolled. All patients received initial periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid at two sites of each subject were obtained before therapy and 2 and 6 months after therapy. Plasma was obtained before and 2 months after therapy from 12 of 19 subjects. Systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3, osteocalcin, and interleukin-1 beta and -6 before and after therapy were measured using radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay kits and compared. Results: The respective systemic 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels significantly dropped from baseline to 2 months after therapy (29.28 nmol/l versus 22.50 nmol/l, P = 0.001, and 6.71 ng/l versus 3.23 ng/l, P < 0.001, respectively). The respective local 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels significantly decreased from baseline to 2 and 6 months after therapy (8,950 nmol/lversus 5,650 nmol/lversus 3,438 nmol/l, P < 0.001, and 10,595 ng/l versus 5,495 ng/l versus 3,960 ng/l, P < 0.001, respectively). Systemic and local 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 concentrations were positively correlated at baseline (r = 0.877; P = 0.022), as was osteocalcin (r = 0.939; P = 0.005). Conclusions: 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels were systemically and locally reduced in patients with GAgP by initial periodontal therapy. 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 might be involved in periodontal inflammation. J Periodontol 2010;81:260-266.