Waste-Free Synthesis of Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds by Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Substituted Arene or Heteroarene Carboxylic Acids with Alkynes

The direct oxidative coupling of 2-amino- and 2-hydroxybenzoic acids with internal alkynes proceeds efficiently in the presence of a rhodium/copper catalyst system under air to afford the corresponding 8-substituted isocoumarin derivatives, some of which exhibit solid-state fluorescence. Depending on conditions, 4-ethenyl-carbazoles can be synthesized selectively from 2-(arylamino)benzoic acids. The oxidative coupling reactions of heteroarene carboxylic acids as well as aromatic diacids with an alkyne are also described.