期刊
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 26, 期 2, 页码 219-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.01.005
关键词
Opioid; NSAID; Acetaminophen; Antidepressant; Anticonvulsant; Benzodiazepine; Neuropathic pain; Central sensitization
Evidence of nonopioid analgesic effectiveness exceeds that for long-term opioids in chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), most with lower risk. Non-drug therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and physical activation are safer and also effective. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are useful for inflammatory and nociceptive pain, share renal and variable gastrointestinal, bleeding and cardiovascular side effects. Antidepressants with noradrenergic activity (such as tricyclics and seroton-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors) and neuromodulating anticonvulsant drugs (gabapentinoids and sodium-channel blockers) are proven to be effective for neuropathic and centralized pain. Ketamine and cannabinoids are other studied analgesics but have a less well-proven role in CNCP.
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