TEM investigations of MN nitride phases in a 9% chromium ferritic/martensitic steel with normalization conditions for nuclear reactors

The investigations on the precipitate phases in a 9%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel under different normalization conditions have been made by using a transmission electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hot-rolled steel samples were normalized at 1050-1200 degrees C for 1-2 h followed by an air cooling to room temperature. MN vanadium nitride precipitates with a plate-like morphology and a chemical formula of about (V0.4Nb0.4Cr0.2)N have been observed at triple junctions. grain boundaries and within matrix in the steel samples normalized at 1050-1150 degrees C for 1-2 h, but they were dissolved out at 1200 degrees C within 1 h. Vanadium nitride is a stable phase at 1050 degrees C according to thermocalc prediction of equilibrium phases in the steel. With increasing normalizing temperature and time, there was no a striking change in the chemical composition of metallic elements in the MN phase, but a considerable increase in the size of the MN precipitate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.