Water T-maze: A useful assay for determination of repetitive behaviors in mice

Background: Repetitive behavior is a term used to describe a wide variety of invariant and inappropriate behaviors that occur in many diverse conditions, including autism. It is necessary to utilize and/or design rodent behavioral assays that exploit individual types of repetitive behavior so that underlying pathology and therapeutic measures can be determined. A variety of high-throughput assays to investigate lower order repetitive behaviors are available for rodents, whereas, fewer assays are available to investigate higher order repetitive behaviors, such as perseverative behavior. BTBR T(+)tf/J (BTBR) mice, harbor behavioral deficits that share similarity to the core deficits found in autism, yet have not conclusively demonstrated deficits in conventional reversal learning tasks (i.e. Morris water maze (MWM), T-maze) which are typically used to examine perseverance. New method: By combining elements of both the MWM and T-maze, we designed a water T-maze assay to determine if perseverative behavior could become perceptible in BTBR mice. Results: We found that BTBR mice show a significant impairment in reversal learning as compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice in our water-T-maze reversal learning assay. Comparison of existing methods: Our water T-maze is sensitive, simple to perform, inexpensive and less time intensive than other tasks that can be used to measure higher order repetitive behaviors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that our water T-maze assay is effective for determining perseverance, which is not readily revealed by using conventional methods. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.