期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 34, 期 8, 页码 3013-3022出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3681-13.2014
关键词
cathepsin S; dendritic cells; interferon-ganmma; microglia; neuropathic pain; Th1 cells
资金
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- Iwadare Scholarship
- Otsuka Toshimi Scholarship
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24791979] Funding Source: KAKEN
There is increasing evidence that CD4(+) T-cell-dependent responses are associated with the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, little is known about the precise mechanism(s) underlying the activation of CD4(+) T-cells. We herein show that inhibition of cathepsin S (CatS) activity, either through genetic deletion or via a pharmacological inhibitor, Z-Phe-Leu-COCHO (Z-FL), significantly attenuated the maintenance of tactile allodynia, splenic hypertrophy, increased number of splenic CD4(+) T-cells and the final cleavage step of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain following peripheral nerve injury. It was also noted that splenectomy significantly attenuated the peripheral nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia, whereas the adoptive transfer of splenic CD4(+) T-cells from neuropathic wild-type mice significantly increased the pain level of splenectomized wild-type or CatS(-/-) mice. Furthermore, CatS deficiency or Z-FL treatment also significantly inhibited the infiltration of CD4(+) T-cells that expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the dorsal spinal cord. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, a molecule downstream of IFN-gamma receptor activation, was activated exclusively in microglia 7 d after peripheral nerve injury. Moreover, CatS deficiency, Z-FL treatment, or splenectomy significantly attenuated the proliferation of microglia 14 d after peripheral nerve injury. These results show a peripheral pivotal role of CatS in the development of neuropathic pain through the antigen-specific activation of CD4(+) T-cells. After activation, CD4(+) T-cells infiltrate into the dorsal spinal cord and secrete IFN-gamma to reactivate microglia, which contribute to the transition of acute pain to a chronic pain state.
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