Rapid interactions between the ventral visual stream and emotion-related structures rely on a two-pathway architecture

Visual attention can be driven by the affective significance of visual stimuli before full-fledged processing of the stimuli. Two kinds of models have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: models involving sequential processing along the ventral visual stream, with secondary feedback from emotion-related structures (two-stage models); and models including additional short-cut pathways directly reaching the emotion-related structures (two-pathway models). We tested which type of model would best predict real magnetoencephalographic responses in subjects presented with arousing visual stimuli, using realistic models of large-scale cerebral architecture and neural biophysics. The results strongly support a two-pathway hypothesis. Both standard models including the retinotectal pathway and nonstandard models including cortical-cortical long-range fasciculi appear plausible.