期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
卷 125, 期 1, 页码 125-132出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12118
关键词
alpha-spectrin; calpain; neuroprotection; SNJ-1945; traumatic brain injury
资金
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [2P01 NS058484, 2P30 NS051220]
- Kentucky Spinal Cord & Head Injury Research Trust
The efficacy of the amphipathic ketoamide calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 in attenuating calpain-mediated degradation of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein -spectrin was examined in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in male CF-1 mice. Using a single early (15min after CCI-TBI) i.p. bolus administration of SNJ-1945 (6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50-mg/kg), we identified the most effective dose on -spectrin degradation in the cortical tissue of mice at its 24h peak after severe CCI-TBI. We then investigated the effects of a pharmacokinetically optimized regimen by examining multiple treatment paradigms that varied in dose and duration of treatment. Finally, using the most effective treatment regimen, the therapeutic window of -spectrin degradation attenuation was assessed by delaying treatment from 15min to 1 or 3h post-injury. The effect of SNJ-1945 on -spectrin degradation exhibited a U-shaped doseresponse curve when treatment was initiated 15min post-TBI. The most effective 12.5mg/kg dose of SNJ-1945 significantly reduced -spectrin degradation by similar to 60% in cortical tissue. Repeated dosing of SNJ-1945 beginning with a 12.5mg/kg dose did not achieve a more robust effect compared with a single bolus treatment, and the required treatment initiation was less than 1h. Although calpain has been firmly established to play a major role in post-traumatic secondary neurodegeneration, these data suggest that even brain and cell-permeable calpain inhibitors, when administered alone, do not show sufficient cytoskeletal protective efficacy or a practical therapeutic window in a mouse model of severe TBI. Such conclusions need to be verified in the human clinical situation.
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