Antioxidant Glucosylated Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives in the Invasive Tropical Soda Apple, Solanum viarum

Eggplant and related Solanum species contain abundant caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives. Fruit of the invasive species Solanum viarum Dunal contain numerous complex CQA derivatives, but only a few have been identified. The structures of two new compounds isolated from methanolic extracts of S. viarum fruit by C-18-HPLC-DAD were determined using 2D NMR and MS data. Both include two 5-CQA molecules joined by glucose via ester and glycosidic linkages. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 (viarumacids A and B) are, respectively, 5-caffeoyl- and 3-malonyl-5-caffeoyl-[4-(1 beta-[6-(5-caffeoyl)quinate]glucopyranosyl)]quinic acid. The antioxidant activities determined by ABTS(center dot+) and DPPH center dot assays were in the order 1 > 2 > 5-CQA.