Butenolides from Plant-Derived Smoke: Natural Plant-Growth Regulators with Antagonistic Actions on Seed Germination

Smoke plays all intriguing role in promoting the germination of seeds of many species following it fire. Recently, a bicyclic compound containing it condensed butenolide moiety. 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), Was reported as potent germination promoter front plant-derived smoke. In this study, a related butenolide, 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (2), which inhibits germination and significantly reduces the effect of 1 when applied simultaneously, Was also isolated from plant-derived smoke. The interaction of these compounds Willi opposing actions, Oil seed germination may have important ecological implications in it post-fire environment and could be useful Molecules for understanding the events involved in breaking seed dormancy and promoting sced germination.