期刊
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
卷 87, 期 8, 页码 775-783出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0481-0
关键词
Neutrophil; Mast cell; Eosinophil; Extracellular trap; Innate immunity; Bacterial infection; Virulence factors; Antimicrobial peptides; DNA; Histones; Mitochondria
资金
- Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-187]
- NIH [AI077780]
The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by phagocytic cells has been recognized as a novel and important mechanism of the host innate immune response against infections. ETs are formed by different host immune cells such as neutrophils, mast cells, and eosinophils after stimulation with mitogens, cytokines, or pathogens themselves, in a process dependent upon induction of a reactive-oxygen-species-mediated signaling cascade. ETs consist of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA as a backbone with embedded antimicrobial peptides, histones, and cell-specific proteases and thereby provide a matrix to entrap and kill microbes and to induce the contact system. This review summarizes the latest research on ETs and their role in innate immunity and host innate defense. Attention is also given to mechanisms by which certain leading bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid entrapment and killing in these specialized structures.
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