期刊
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
卷 71, 期 8, 页码 1049-1053出版社
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
DOI: 10.1002/ps.4025
关键词
bioinsecticides; biorational insecticides; insecticidal stress; Meliponini; wild pollinators
资金
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- CAPES Foundations (Brazilian Ministry of Education)
- Research Council of Ghent University (BOF-UGent)
- Flemish Government Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT, Belgium)
Although invertebrates generally have a low public profile, the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is a flagship species whose popularity likely derives from the products it provides and its perceived ecological services. Therefore, the raging debate regarding honey bee decline has surpassed the realm of beekeepers, academia, industry and regulatory agencies and now also encompasses non-governmental agencies, media, fiction writers and the general public. The early interest and concern about honey bee colony collapse disorder (CCD) soon shifted to the bigger issue of pollinator decline, with a focus on the potential involvement of pesticides in such a phenomenon. Pesticides were previously recognised as the potential culprits of the reported declines, particularly the neonicotinoid insecticides owing to their widespread and peculiar use in agriculture. However, the evidence for the potential pivotal role of these neonicotinoids in honey bee decline remains a matter of debate, with an increased recognition of the multifactorial nature of the problem and the lack of a direct association between the noted decline and neonicotinoid use. The focus on the decline of honey bee populations subsequently spread to other species, and bumblebees became another matter of concern, particularly in Europe and the United States. Other bee species, ones that are particularly important in other regions of the world, remain the object of little concern (unjustifiably so). Furthermore, the continuous focus on neonicotinoids is also in need of revision, as the current evidence suggests that a broad spectrum of compounds deserve attention. Here we address both shortcomings. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
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