期刊
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
卷 415, 期 1, 页码 128-142出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.049
关键词
EspP; autocleavage; outer membrane protein; crystal structure; asparagine cyclization
资金
- Argonne National Laboratory
- National Institutes of Health [R01-GM086749, R01-GM067887, P41-RR05969, U54-GM087519]
- TeraGrid [MCA06N060]
Autotransporters are secreted proteins produced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. They consist of a membrane-embedded beta-domain and an extracellular passenger domain that is sometimes cleaved and released from the cell surface. We solved the structures of three noncleavable mutants of the autotransporter EspP to examine how it promotes asparagine cyclization to cleave its passenger. We found that cyclization is facilitated by multiple factors. The active-site asparagine is sterically constrained to conformations favorable for cyclization, while electrostatic interactions correctly orient the carboxamide group for nucleophilic attack. During molecular dynamics simulations, water molecules were observed to enter the active site and to form hydrogen bonds favorable for increasing the nucleophilicity of the active-site asparagine. When the activated asparagine attacks its main-chain carbonyl carbon, the resulting oxyanion is stabilized by a protonated glutamate. Upon cleavage, this proton could be transferred to the leaving amine group, helping overcome a significant energy barrier. Together, these findings provide insight into factors important for asparagine cyclization, a mechanism broadly used for protein cleavage. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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