Cell and cell sheet recovery from pNIPAm coatings; motivation and history to present day approaches

The regeneration of cells and cell sheets mediated by thermoresponsive substrates represents an important and ever growing area in tissue engineering. This review seeks to track the development of this field from inception to the present day by highlighting the most significant breakthroughs as well as focusing on important physical and chemical characterization of substrates produced for this specific purpose. Furthermore, a critical evaluation encompassing the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques used for producing such surfaces will be included as well as suggestions for possible future directions.