Generation of tunable wavelength lights in core-shell CaWO4 microspheres via co-doping with Na+ and Ln(3+) (Ln = Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu)

The optimum luminescence and its relevant applications of phosphors are always challenged by the generation of multicolour lights in a single solid with a single-wavelength excitation. In this work, we initiated the preparation of novel core-shell CaWO4 microspheres co-doped with Na+ and Ln(3+) (Ln Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu) and systematically studied their tunable wavelength lights. The core and shell of the microspheres are based on the same materials that crystallized in a tetragonal scheelite structure. The primary particle size for the un-doped microspheres was about 36 nm, while upon doping with Ln(3+)/ Na+, the primary particle became as small as 14-19 nm. This core-shell structure is proved unique in significantly suppressing the energy-loss processes occurring at the nanoparticle surfaces. As a consequence, the un-doped microspheres exhibited an intense blue luminescence with a lifetime of 8.46 mu s and a chromaticity coordinate of (0.16, 0.14), while with increasing the Ln(3+) concentration, the blue emission disappeared and the emissions belonging to Ln(3+) were significantly enhanced as is followed by an apparent variation of the chromaticity coordinates. By simply varying the dopant concentration of Ln(3+), tunable wavelength lights were successfully achieved in the core-shell CaWO4 microspheres using a single-wavelength excitation light, which is a consequence of the modulated relative intensity of the WO42- emission and Ln(3+) emission.