Simultaneous Assessment of Vessel Size Index, Relative Blood Volume, and Vessel Permeability in a Mouse Brain Tumor Model Using a Combined Spin Echo Gradient Echo Echo-Planar Imaging Sequence and Viable Tumor Analysis

PurposeCombining multiple imaging biomarkers in one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session would be beneficial to gain more data pertaining to tumor vasculature under therapy. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of perfusion, permeability, and vessel size imaging (VSI) using a gradient echo spin echo (GE-SE) sequence with injection of a clinically approved gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent was assessed in an orthotopic glioma model. Materials and MethodsA combined spin echo gradient echo echo-planar imaging sequence was implemented using a single contrast agent Gd diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). This sequence was tested in a mouse brain tumor model (U87_MG), also under treatment with an antiangiogenic agent (bevacizumab). T-2 maps and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were used to differentiate regions of cell death and viable tumor tissue. ResultsIn viable tumor tissue regional blood volume was 5.70.6% in controls and 5.2 +/- 0.3% in treated mice. Vessel size was 18.1 +/- 2.4 m in controls and 12.8 +/- 2.0 m in treated mice, which correlated with results from immunohistochemistry. Permeability (K-trans) was close to zero in treated viable tumor tissue and 0.062 +/- 0.024 min(-1) in controls. ConclusionOur MRI method allows simultaneous assessment of several physiological and morphological parameters and extraction of MRI biomarkers for vasculature. These could be used for treatment monitoring of novel therapeutic agents such as antiangiogenic drugs.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1310-1318. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.