Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Early Detection of Radiation-Induced Injuries to Normal-Appearing White Matter in High-Grade Glioma Patients

PurposeTo study the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to serve as a biomarker for radiation-induced brain injury during chemo-radiotherapy (RT) treatment. Materials and MethodsSerial DTI data were collected from 18 high-grade glioma (HGG) patients undergoing RT and 7 healthy controls. Changes across time in mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness, and kurtosis of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity ((a)), and transversal diffusivity ((t)) within the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) were modeled using a linear mixed-effects model to assess dose dependent changes of five dose bins (0-60 Gy), and global changes compared with a control group. ResultsMean MD, (a) and (t) were all significantly increasing in >41 Gy dose regions (0.14%, 0.10%, and 0.18% per week) compared with <12 Gy regions. SD (t) had significant dose dependent time evolution of 0.019*dose per week. Mean and SD MD, (a) and (t) in the global NAWM of the patient group significantly increased (mean; 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.09%, and SD; 0.57%, 0.34%, 0.51 per week) compared with the control group. The changes were significant at week 6 of, or immediately after RT. ConclusionDTI is not sensitive to acute global NAWM changes during the treatment of HGG, but sensitive to early posttreatment changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:414-423.(c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.