期刊
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
卷 57, 期 10, 页码 1385-1390出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.07.001
关键词
Honeybee; Cold immobilization; Recovery period; Proboscis conditioning; Sucrose response
资金
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canadian Bee Research Fund
- Bee Maid Canada
In addition to human error and variation in laboratory conditions, there are numerous factors that can complicate comparisons among studies. Furthermore, differences in how experimental methods are executed can make it difficult to distinguish between effects of focal versus extraneous variables. Insect neural function is commonly evaluated using Pavlovian conditioning techniques; learning and memory in many species can be assessed using the proboscis extension reflex (PER). However, there are significant inconsistencies in methods used to immobilize insects prior to PER tests. We compared responses of honeybees immobilized in a refrigerator, on ice, and in a freezer, and evaluated influence of recovery interval before testing. Ice-chilling weakly decreased learning (response to an originally neutral odor) more so than refrigeration or freezing, but not 24-h recall of odor. We found no significant differences in responsiveness to sucrose relative to cooling method, but responsiveness was significantly lower among honeybees left to recover for only 0.75 h versus 1.5 or 3 h. Finally, we observed increased responsiveness to sucrose and geraniol between June and August. Our results suggest that inconsistencies in cold immobilization methods could confound interpretation and comparison of results from a large body of work on honeybee learning and memory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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