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Development and Survival of Th17 Cells within the Intestines: The Influence of Microbiome- and Diet-Derived Signals

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JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
卷 193, 期 10, 页码 4769-4777

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AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401835

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  1. NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK093015] Funding Source: Medline

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Th17 cells have emerged as important mediators of host defense and homeostasis at barrier sites, particularly the intestines, where the greatest number and diversity of the microbiota reside. A critical balance exists between protection of the host from its own microbiota and pathogens and the development of immune-mediated disease. Breaches of local innate immune defenses provide critical stimuli for the induction of Th17 cell development, and additional cues within these tissues promote Th17 cell survival and/or plasticity. Normally, this results in eradication of the microbial threat and restitution of homeostasis. When dysregulated, however, Th17 cells can cause a range of immune-mediated diseases, whether directed against Ags derived from the microbiota, such as in inflammatory bowel disease, or against self-Ags in a range of autoimmune diseases. This review highlights recent discoveries that provide new insights into ways in which environmental signals impact Th17 cell development and function in the intestines.

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