期刊
JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
卷 11, 期 6, 页码 1380-1394出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/2010JHM1202.1
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
- National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Program [0629279, 0632398, 0632131]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [0632398] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [0629279, 0632131] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
In many practical applications snow depth is known, but snow water equivalent (SWE) is needed as well. Measuring SWE takes similar to 20 times as long as measuring depth, which in part is why depth measurements outnumber SWE measurements worldwide. Here a method of estimating snow bulk density is presented and then used to convert snow depth to SWE. The method is grounded in the fact that depth varies over a range that is many times greater than that of bulk density. Consequently, estimates derived from measured depths and modeled densities generally fall close to measured values of SWE. Knowledge of snow climate classes is used to improve the accuracy of the estimation procedure. A statistical model based on a Bayesian analysis of a set of 25 688 depth-density-SWE data collected in the United States, Canada, and Switzerland takes snow depth, day of the year, and the climate class of snow at a selected location from which it produces a local bulk density estimate. When converted to SWE and tested against two continental-scale datasets, 90% of the computed SWE values fell within +/- 8 cm of the measured values, with most estimates falling much closer.
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