Measurements of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture scintillometers in the Hai River Basin, China

Evapotranspiration (ET) observations were made for 3 years (2008-2010), using eddy covariance (EC) systems and large aperture scintillometers (LAS), in typical underlying surfaces across the Hai River Basin: orchards (Miyun, MY), cropland in the suburbs (Daxing, DX), and cropland in the plains (Guantao, GT). Reliable data were obtained after carefully data processing, and the seasonal and interannual variability in ET was quantitatively analyzed. The annual ET during 2008-2010 ranged from 510-730 mm for the EC measurements and 430-560 mm for the LAS measurements. The differences in ET among the years and sites were connected with differences in soil moisture and crop growing conditions. The difference in the source areas of EC and LAS measurements and the heterogeneity in their source areas are the primary causes of the discrepancy between EC and LAS measurements. The EC and LAS measurements are compared to the field water balance method calculation and MOD16 ET (the MODIS ET product from the MODIS Global Evapotranspiration Project), respectively. The average difference was 0.85% (mean relative error) and 33.80 mm (root mean square error) between the EC measurements and field water balance method calculations, and 7.72% and 47.08 mm between LAS measurements and MOD16 ET from 2008 to 2010 at the three sites. We found a decreasing tendency for ET in the past 15 years across the Hai River Basin, especially after the year of 2005. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.