Optimal sizing of rain water tanks for domestic water conservation

Melbourne is facing a severe drought having its 12th consecutive below average rainfall year. Water authorities have been forced to impose rigorous water restrictions including voluntary per capita water use targets after more than 20 years of unrestricted water supply. The current severe drought and dwindling water resources have accelerated the use of alternative water sources including domestic rainwater. There is a large variation in average annual rainfall in the Greater Melbourne area ranging from 1050 mm in the east to 450 mm in the west. Hence, there is a significant difference in the tank size required in the west and the east of Melbourne to meet a similar demand and to provide the same Supply reliability. The paper presents a novel methodology and a relationship for optimal sizing of rainwater tanks considering the annual rainfall at the geographic location, the demand for rainwater, the roof area (catchment area) and the desired Supply reliability. The characteristic of the developed dimensionless curve reflects these variables and paves the way for developing a web based interactive tool for selecting the optimum rainwater tank size. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.