Decomposition model of a general water supply network graph

A new decomposition concept of the network graph according to its connectivity properties is introduced in this paper that allows various applications in the field of systems analysis of water supply networks. In this case, the network graph consists of two main components. The outer branched component of the network is called a forest. The inner complement is denoted as the core of the network. A forest consists of a number of trees, while the core network is composed of distinct biconnected blocks that are connected by bridges. Forest and core components of the network overlap at the so-called root nodes. Calculations for the simulation or the optimization of the single components can be done, independently, thus decreasing matrix sizes and calculation time. Control actions that are necessary to efficiently operate a water supply system result in changes of the connectivity of the network graph. By using the proposed decomposition approach the in-time identification of the different supply areas according to the actual state of the network is straightforward. It also includes measures of network vulnerability and several stages of network simplification that are able to enhance the understanding of the single network components and their interaction. The simplified network model can be applied, for instance, to the development of strategies for efficient operation and control of a water distribution network.