Lichen Permelia perlata: A novel system for biodegradation and detoxification of disperse dye Solvent Red 24

Lichen is a self-supporting symbiotic association of fungi and algae which was not yet explored for its bioremediation potential. Lichen Permelia perlata showed potential of decolorization and biodegradation of Solvent Red 24 (SR24). Optimum pH and temperature for decolorization was found to be 8 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Induction in the activity of laccase in P. perlata during biodegradation of SR24 showed their involvement. HPTLC, FTIR and GC-HRMS analysis confirmed biodegradation of SR24 in to metabolites such as naphthalen-1-yldiazene, naphthalene, 1-(2-methylphenyl)-2-phenyldiazene and diphenyldiazene. Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis revealed the reduction in toxicity of SR24 after its biodegradation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.