Copper cation removal in an electrokinetic cell containing zeolite

Zeolites are used in environmental remediation of soil or water to immobilize or remove toxic materials by cation exchange. An experiment was conducted to test the use a low electric field to direct the toxic cations towards the zeolite. An electrokinetic cell was constructed using carbon electrodes. Synthetic Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite was placed in the cell. Copper(II) chloride dissolved in water was used as a contaminant. The Cu2+ concentration was measured for ten hours with and without an applied electric field. The removal of the Cu2+ ions was accelerated by the applied field in the first two hours. For longer time, the electric field did not improve the removal rate of the Cu2+ ions. The presence of zeolite and applied electric field complicates the chemistry near the cathode and causes precipitation of Cu2+ ions as copper oxide on the surface of the zeolite. With increased electric field the zeolite farther away from the cathode had little cation exchange due to the higher drift velocity of the Cu2+ ions. The results also show that, in the LTA Zeolite A pellets, the cation exchange of Cu is limited to a shell of several tens of micrometers. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.