Simultaneous speciation and preconcentration of ultra traces of inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination

A simple and effective speciation and preconcentration method based on hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for simultaneous separation of trace inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) determination. The method involves the selective extraction of the Te (IV) and Se (IV) species by HF-LPME with the use of ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APDC) as the chelating agent. The complex compounds were extracted into 10 mu L of toluene and the solutions were injected into a graphite furnace for the determination of Te (IV) and Se (IV). To determine the total tellurium and selenium in the samples, first Te (VI) and Se (VI) were reduced to Te (IV) and Se (IV), and then the microextraction method was performed. The experimental parameters of HF-LPME were optimized using a central composite design after a 2(n-1) fractional factorial experimental design. Under optimum conditions, enrichment factors of up to 520 and 480 were achieved for Te (IV) and Se (IV), respectively. The detection limits were 4 ng L-1 with 3.5% RSD (n = 5, c = 2.0 mu g L-1) for Te (IV) and 5 ng L-1 with 3.1% RSD for Se (IV). The applicability of the developed technique was evaluated by application to spiked, environmental water and soil samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.