Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activities of holmium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Holmium-cloped TiO2 nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activities were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and surface area measurement by nitrogen adsorption in this study. Experimental results indicated holmium doping could increase the surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, and inhibit the growth of crystalline size and the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation. The results of photodegrading methyl orange showed holmium doping improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, and the reasons could be attributed to the synergetic effects of large surface areas, small crystallite size, lattice distortion and more charge imbalance of holmium-doped TiO2. In our experiment, the optimal doped amount was 0.3 mol.% for the maximum photocatalytic degradation ratio when holmium-doped TiO2 was calcined at 500 degrees C, and the optimal calcined temperature was 600 degrees C when the doped amount was 0.5 mol.%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.