期刊
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
卷 58, 期 209, 页码 441-457出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3189/2012JoG11J088
关键词
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资金
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-107480]
- NASA [NNX09AJ38G]
- Arctic Region Supercomputing Center as part of the US Department of Defense
- NASA [115048, NNX09AJ38G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Polythermal conditions are ubiquitous among glaciers, from small valley glaciers to ice sheets. Conventional temperature-based 'cold-ice' models of such ice masses cannot account for that portion of the internal energy which is latent heat of liquid water within temperate ice, so such schemes are not energy-conserving when temperate ice is present. Temperature and liquid water fraction are, however, functions of a single enthalpy variable: a small enthalpy change in cold ice is a change in temperature, while a small enthalpy change in temperate ice is a change in liquid water fraction. The unified enthalpy formulation described here models the mass and energy balance for the three-dimensional ice fluid, for the surface runoff layer and for the subglacial hydrology layer, together in a single energy-conserving theoretical framework. It is implemented in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model. Results for the Greenland ice sheet are compared with those from a cold-ice scheme. This paper is intended to be an accessible foundation for enthalpy formulations in glaciology.
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