期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
卷 117, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016784
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation [NSF-ATM0650023, NSF-AGS1048536]
- NASA [NNX07ARBG]
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)
- NASA (NESSF) [NNX08AU77H]
- NOAA
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1048536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [92737, NNX08AU77H] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
In this study chemical compositions of background aerosol and ice nuclei were examined through laboratory investigations using Raman spectroscopy and field measurements by single-particle mass spectrometry. Aerosol sampling took place at Storm Peak Laboratory in Steamboat Springs, Colorado (elevation of 3210 m). A cascade impactor was used to collect coarse-mode aerosol particles for laboratory analysis by Raman spectroscopy; the composition, mixing state, and heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of individual particles were examined. For in situ analysis of fine-mode aerosol, ice nucleation on ambient particles was observed using a compact ice nucleation chamber. Ice crystals were separated from unactivated aerosol using a pumped counterflow virtual impactor, and ice nuclei were analyzed using particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry. For both fine and coarse modes, the ice nucleating particle fractions were enriched in minerals and depleted in sulfates and nitrates, compared to the background aerosol sampled. The vast majority of particles in both the ambient and ice active aerosol fractions contained a detectable amount of organic material. Raman spectroscopy showed that organic material is sometimes present in the form of a coating on the surface of inorganic particles. We find that some organic-containing particles serve as efficient ice nuclei while others do not. For coarse-mode aerosol, organic particles were only observed to initiate ice formation when oxygen signatures were also present in their spectra.
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