Physical mechanisms of compressional EMIC wave growth

On 29 June 2007, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were observed on the ground by the Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) network of magnetometers between L = 4 and L = 6 in response to a significant magnetospheric compression. Here a new MHD/particle method for studying EMIC wave growth in the magnetosphere is used to provide a detailed study of the compression event. We compare equatorial field line crossings of NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft and CARISMA observation sites to frequency-integrated wave growth rates from the MHD/particle method. Simulated temperatures were constant in time, suggesting an absence of energizing processes during this event. Many particles experienced so-called Shabansky orbits during this event, in which their drift motion was confined to high latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere. We propose a new nonenergizing process, driven by ions undergoing Shabansky orbits, for generating ion temperature anisotropies. In addition, the fundamental role of the plasmasphere in generating EMIC waves from the free energy of warm ion temperature anisotropies is discussed.