4.6 Article

Pericentral Retinopathy and Racial Differences in Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity

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OPHTHALMOLOGY
卷 122, 期 1, 页码 110-116

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ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.018

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Purpose: To describe patterns of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy distinct from the classic parafoveal (bull's eye) maculopathy. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: Patients from a large multi-provider group practice and a smaller university referral practice diagnosed with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Patients with widespread or end-stage retinopathy were excluded. Methods: Review of ophthalmic studies (fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, multifocal electroretinography, visual fields) and classification of retinopathy into 1 of 3 patterns: parafoveal (retinal changes 2 degrees-6 degrees from the fovea), pericentral (retinal changes >= 8 degrees from the fovea), or mixed (retinal changes in both parafoveal and pericentral areas). Main Outcome Measures: Relative frequency of different patterns of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and comparison of risk factors. Results: Of 201 total patients (18% Asian) with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, 153 (76%) had typical parafoveal changes, 24 (12%) also had a zone of pericentral damage, and 24 (12%) had pericentral retinopathy without any parafoveal damage. Pericentral retinopathy alone was seen in 50% of Asian patients but only in 2% of white patients. Patients with the pericentral pattern were taking hydroxychloroquine for a somewhat longer duration (19.5 vs. 15.0 years, P < 0.01) and took a larger cumulative dose (2186 vs. 1813 g, P = 0.02) than patients with the parafoveal pattern, but they were diagnosed at a more severe stage of toxicity. Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy does not always develop in a parafoveal (bull's eye) pattern, and a pericentral pattern of damage is especially prevalent among Asian patients. Screening practices may need to be adjusted to recognize pericentral and parafoveal hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. (C) 2015 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

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