期刊
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
卷 691, 期 -, 页码 201-213出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2011.469
关键词
transition to turbulence
资金
- Spanish MICINN [DPI2008-06624-C03-02]
- Junta de Andalucia
- European Funds [P07-TEP-02693, PI10-TEP-5702]
- University of Jaen [UJA2010/12/60]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E015743/1, GR/S76137/01] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/E015743/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Results of three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow through a sudden expansion in a pipe are presented. The axisymmetric state is known to be stable over the range of Reynolds numbers studied, but recent experimental results suggest bifurcation phenomena. A resolution of this dichotomy between calculation and experiment is provided using imperfections to promote the nonlinear development of asymmetric steady states. These lose stability to disordered motion and the boundary between the steady and time-dependent flows has been established over a range of parameters. Moreover, disordered flows are found to co-exist with the axisymmetric regime when the disturbance is removed from the flow. Hence we provide direct numerical evidence for multiplicity of solutions for the axisymmetric expansion problem, which may have relevance to pipe flows.
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