Semantics Does Not Need a Processing License From Syntax in Reading Chinese

Two event-related brain potential experiments were conducted to Investigate whether there is a functional primacy of syntactic structure building over semantic processes during Chinese sentence reading In both experiments, we found that semantic interpretation proceeded despite the impossibility of a well-formed syntactic analysis In Experiment 1, we found an N400 difference between combined syntactic category and semantic violations and single syntactic violations This finding is inconsistent with earlier German and French studies (e g, Friederici, Gunter, Hahne, & Mauth, 2004, Friederici Steinhauer, & Frisch, 1999, Hahne & Friederici 2002) showing that semantic integration does not proceed for words of the wrong syntactic category In Experiment 2 we used a design that was very similar to that used in earlier German and French studies, but semantic violations still evoked an N400. irrespective of a simultaneous syntactic category violation We argue against processing models that do not allow for semantic integration of a word unless It can be grammatically attached to the developing phrase structure tree Rather. language experience may modulate the mode of interplay between syntax and semantics