期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
卷 206, 期 12, 页码 2717-2733出版社
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091579
关键词
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资金
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
- Buenos Aires University School of Medicine
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Argentina)
- Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [5D43 TW0010137]
Semen is the main vector for HIV-1 dissemination worldwide. It contains three major sources of infectious virus: free virions, infected leukocytes, and spermatozoa-associated virions. We focused on the interaction of HIV-1 with human spermatozoa and dendritic cells (DCs). We report that heparan sulfate is expressed in spermatozoa and plays an important role in the capture of HIV-1. Spermatozoa-attached virus is efficiently transmitted to DCs, macrophages, and T cells. Interaction of spermatozoa with DCs not only leads to the transmission of HIV-1 and the internalization of the spermatozoa but also results in the phenotypic maturation of DCs and the production of IL-10 but not IL-12p70. At low values of extracellular pH (similar to 6.5 pH units), similar to those found in the vaginal mucosa after sexual intercourse, the binding of HIV-1 to the spermatozoa and the consequent transmission of HIV-1 to DCs were strongly enhanced. Our observations support the notion that far from being a passive carrier, spermatozoa acting in concert with DCs might affect the early course of sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection.
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