期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 217, 期 15, 页码 2717-2725出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.101329
关键词
Flight; Kinematics; Maneuverability; Chasing; Turning; Biomechanics
类别
资金
- Office of Naval Research [MURI N000141010952]
- National Science Foundation [IOS-1253276]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1253276] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are highly maneuverable social birds that often forage and fly in large open spaces. Here we used multi-camera videography to measure the three-dimensional kinematics of their natural flight maneuvers in the field. Specifically, we collected data on tandem flights, defined as two birds maneuvering together. These data permit us to evaluate several hypotheses on the high-speed maneuvering flight performance of birds. We found that high-speed turns are roll-based, but that the magnitude of the centripetal force created in typical maneuvers varied only slightly with flight speed, typically reaching a peak of similar to 2 body weights. Turning maneuvers typically involved active flapping rather than gliding. In tandem flights the following bird copied the flight path and wingbeat frequency (similar to 12.3 Hz) of the lead bird while maintaining position slightly above the leader. The lead bird turned in a direction away from the lateral position of the following bird 65% of the time on average. Tandem flights vary widely in instantaneous speed (1.0 to 15.6 m s(-1)) and duration (0.72 to 4.71 s), and no single tracking strategy appeared to explain the course taken by the following bird.
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