期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 213, 期 14, 页码 2410-2416出版社
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.041319
关键词
Drosophila; PKG; anoxia; cGMP; hypoxia; locomotion
类别
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada
- NIDDK [5R01DK070141-03]
- Heart and Stroke Foundation
In this study we identify a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) cascade as a biochemical pathway critical for controlling low-oxygen tolerance in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Even though adult Drosophila can survive in 0% oxygen (anoxia) environments for hours, air with less than 2% oxygen rapidly induces locomotory failure resulting in an anoxic coma. We use natural genetic variation and an induced mutation in the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a Drosophila PKG, to demonstrate that the onset of anoxic coma is correlated with PKG activity. Flies that have lower PKG activity demonstrate a significant increase in time to the onset of anoxic coma. Further, in vivo pharmacological manipulations reveal that reducing either PKG or protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity increases tolerance of behavior to acute hypoxic conditions. Alternatively, PKG activation and phosphodiesterase (PDE5/6) inhibition significantly reduce the time to the onset of anoxic coma. By manipulating these targets in paired combinations, we characterized a specific PKG cascade, with upstream and downstream components. Further, using genetic variants of PKG expression/activity subjected to chronic anoxia over 6 h, similar to 50% of animals with higher PKG activity survive, while only similar to 25% of those with lower PKG activity survive after a 24. h recovery. Therefore, in this report we describe the PKG pathway and the differential protection of function vs survival in a critically low oxygen environment.
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