Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Ammi visnaga L. Essential Oil Collected from Boumerdes (Algeria) During Three Periods of the Plant Growth

Ammi visnaga L. is an annual aromatic plant which belongs to the family of Apiaceae used for its medicinal proprieties. The essential oil of fresh aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. through different stages of the plant growth collected from Boumerdes (Algeria), obtained by hydro-distillation, in a Clevenger type apparatus, was analyzed by GC-MS. The results demonstrated that the best yield was obtained at the fructification period (0.48 %) and the major compounds of Ammi visnaga L. essential oils at the three development stages are firstly the 2- methylbutyl, 2-methyl butanouate (10.291, 16.533, 28.56 %) representing respectively the periods: before flowering, full flowering and fructification period, beta-linalool (4.916, 13.61, 9.18 %), verticiol (9.85, 7.19, 5.98 %), spiro (2.5 %) octane-3,3-dimethyl -2-(1-buten-3-on-1-yl) (6.43, 7.88, 3.26 5), iso-amyl iso-butyrate (1.80, 1.82, 6.75 %), iso-valerate acid, 2-methyl butyl ester (2.85, 1.35, 3.49 %). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of these essential oils extracts was tested against 8 genera of bacteria, 4 yeasts and 4 moulds. The results showed that the essential oil extracts had a strong antibacterial activity but a weak antifungal activity.