Rapid composting techniques in Indian context and utilization of black soldier fly for enhanced decomposition of biodegradable wastes - A comprehensive review

In the present scenario, solid waste management (SWM) has become one of the main concerns for urban waste managers in the developing world. This article reviews the recent trends and technologies associated with the process of composting. Utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae can be one of the rapid methods for treatment of biodegradable wastes. A detailed review of the literature indicated that more importance is to be given on the pre-processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) which includes segregation of biodegradables, inerts, metals for preparing the requisite substrate for application of the suitable technology. In developing countries, major emphasis should be given on curtailing the environmental and health impacts caused due to improper management of MSW and for developing some innovative as well as economically feasible systems for proper handling of MSW. BSF can transform the biodegradable wastes into biofuels and byproducts at a minimal cost. The utilization of BSF for treating various organic waste (OW) has been thoroughly studied and discussed in detail. The salient observations on the factors affecting the growth of BSF larvae as well as comprehensive analysis of patents on breeding and utilization of BSF are also presented in this paper. The present review also assesses the potential of various rapid composting techniques and advocates about the planning and development of real-scale treatment systems by the researchers, environmental planners and policy makers to eradicate the problem of solid wastes.