期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 228, 期 -, 页码 140-148出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.085
关键词
Lithium-ion batteries; Economic evaluation; Optimization; Acid leaching
资金
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil [9244/13-1]
The main factors that affect the extraction of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by acid leaching using H2SO4, and sodium metabisulphite, were evaluated and optimized through a set of experiments, framed by a techno-economic approach. The maximum value of the profit response was obtained with the highest possible values of acid concentration (2.5 M) and time (2 h), a liquid/solid ratio of 5 L/kg, and the lowest possible value of temperature (40 degrees C). After leaching, the electrodes active material contained in the metals decreased, while it was still significant in the graphite, as observed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and x-ray powder diffraction. Even though the performed economic evaluation was a summarized outline it can be considered suitable to compare different leaching conditions and to determine the possible best combinations of factors that can optimize the profit response.
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