The inhibitory effects of silver diamine fluorides on cysteine cathepsins

Aim: The expression of cysteine cathepsins in human carious dentine suggests that this enzyme contributes to the collagen degradation in caries progress. This study investigated whether silver diamine fluoride (SDF) inhibited the activity of cysteine cathepsins. Methods: Three commercial SDF solutions with concentrations at 38%, 30% and 12% were studied. Two fluoride solutions with the same fluoride ion (F-) concentrations as the 38% and 12% SDF solutions, and 2 silver solutions with the same silver ion (Ag+) concentrations as the 38% and 12% SDF solutions were prepared. Five samples of each experimental solution were used to study their inhibitory effect on two cathepsins (B and K) using cathepsin assay kits. Positive control contained assay buffer and cathepsins dilution was used to calculate the percentage inhibition (difference between the mean readings of the test solution and control solution divided by that of the control group). Results: The percentage inhibition of 38%, 30% and 12% SDF on cathepsin B were 92.0%, 91.5% and 90.3%, respectively (p < 0.001); on cathepsin K were 80.6%, 78.5% and 77.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Ag+ exhibited the inhibitory effect against both cathepsin B and K with or without the presence of F- (p < 0.01). The solutions containing Ag+ have significantly higher inhibitory effect than the solutions containing F- only (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to this study, SDF solution at all 3 tested concentrations significantly inhibited the activity of cathepsin B and K. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.