Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 receptor genes and their associations with health and production traits in Holstein cows

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) are proinflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to infection with intracellular pathogens. The IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) is a heterodimer composed of 2 subunits, beta 1 and beta 2. The IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) is a heterodimer composed of the IL-12R beta 1 subunit and a unique IL-23R subunit. Given the importance of IL-12 and IL-23 for modulating inflammation and the host immune response, the IL-12 and IL-23 receptor genes may be suitable candidate genes for studying disease resistance in dairy cattle. We hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) exist within these genes and that they contribute to variation in health and production traits in dairy cattle. To investigate this, a selective DNA pool was constructed using bull semen based on the estimated breeding values for somatic cell score (SCS), an indicator trait used to achieve genetic improvement for resistance to mastitis. Gene segments were amplified from this pool by PCR and the amplicons were sequenced to reveal SNP. A total of 10 SNP, including 2 in IL-12R beta 1, 5 in IL-12R beta 2, and 3 in IL-23R were identified. The SNP (n = 5) were found in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) putative promoter regions of the genes, and SNP IL-23R c.1714A > C was a non-synonymous SNP. Canadian Holstein bulls (n = 492) were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY (Sequenom Inc., San Diego, CA). No association was found with SCS based on bull deregressed estimated breeding values for SCS; however, associations of SNP in the IL-12R beta 2 gene (c.-511A > G, c.87A > G, c.2957A > C) were found with milk and protein yield. Further investigation will be required to elucidate the biological and practical relevance of these SNP.